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1996-07-17
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@X083@X05.@X0801 @X03 EXPLOSIVE THEORY
@X08An explosive is any material that@X05,@X08 when ignited by heat or shock@X05,@X08
undergoes rapid decomposition or oxidation@X05.@X08 This process releases energy that
is stored in the material in the form of heat and light@X05,@X08 or by breaking down
into gaseous compounds that occupy a much larger volume that the original piece
of material@X05.@X08 Because this expansion is very rapid@X05,@X08 large volumes of air are
displaced by the expanding gasses@X05.@X08 This expansion occurs at a speed greater
than the speed of sound@X05,@X08 and so a sonic boom occurs@X05.@X08 This explains the
mechanics behind an explosion@X05.@X08 Explosives occur in several forms@X05:@X08 high@X05-@X08order
explosives which detonate@X05,@X08 low order explosives@X05,@X08 which burn@X05,@X08 and primers@X05,@X08 which
may do both@X05.@X08
High order explosives detonate@X05.@X08 A detonation occurs only in a high
order explosive@X05.@X08 Detonations are usually incurred by a shockwave that passes
through a block of the high explosive material@X05.@X08 The shockwave breaks apart
the molecular bonds between the atoms of the substance@X05,@X08 at a rate approximately
equal to the speed of sound traveling through that material@X05.@X08 In a high
explosive@X05,@X08 the fuel and oxodizer are chemically bonded@X05,@X08 and the shockwave breaks
apart these bonds@X05,@X08 and re@X05-@X08combines the two materials to produce mostly gasses@X05.@X08
T@X05.@X08N@X05.@X08T@X05.@X08@X05,@X08 ammonium nitrate@X05,@X08 and R@X05.@X08D@X05.@X08X@X05.@X08 are examples of high order explosives@X05.@X08
Low order explosives do not detonate@X05;@X08 they burn@X05,@X08 or undergo oxidation@X05.@X08
when heated@X05,@X08 the fuel@X05(@X08s@X05)@X08 and oxodizer@X05(@X08s@X05)@X08 combine to produce heat@X05,@X08 light@X05,@X08 and
gaseous products@X05.@X08 Some low order materials burn at about the same speed under
pressure as they do in the open@X05,@X08 such as blackpowder@X05.@X08 Others@X05,@X08 such as gunpowder@X05,@X08
which is correctly called nitrocellulose@X05,@X08 burn much faster and hotter when they
are in a confined space@X05,@X08 such as the barrel of a firearm@X05;@X08 they usually burn
much slower than blackpowder when they are ignited in unpressurized conditions@X05.@X08
Black powder@X05,@X08 nitrocellulose@X05,@X08 and flash powder are good examples of low order
explosives@X05.@X08
Primers are peculiarities to the explosive field@X05.@X08 Some of them@X05,@X08 such as
mercury filminate@X05,@X08 will function as a low or high order explosive@X05.@X08 They are
usually more sensitive to friction@X05,@X08 heat@X05,@X08 or shock@X05,@X08 than the high or low
explosives@X05.@X08 Most primers perform like a high order explosive@X05,@X08 except that they
are much more sensitive@X05.@X08 Still others merely burn@X05,@X08 but when they are confined@X05,@X08
they burn at a great rate and with a large expansion of gasses and a shockwave@X05.@X08
Primers are usually used in a small amount to initiate@X05,@X08 or cause to decompose@X05,@X08
a high order explosive@X05,@X08 as in an artillery shell@X05.@X08 But@X05,@X08 they are also frequently
used to ignite a low order explosive@X05;@X08 the gunpowder in a bullet is ignited by
the detonation of its primer@X05.@X08